Journal of Clinical & Experimental Nephrology

Description

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, regulating electrolyte levels, and producing hormones that help control blood pressure and red blood cell production. When the kidneys are damaged and their function declines, waste and fluids can build up in the body, leading to various complications. CKD is typically classified into five stages based on the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), which is a measure of how effectively the kidneys filter blood. The stages range from Stage 1 (mild kidney damage with normal or high GFR) to Stage 5 (end-stage renal disease or ESRD, with severely reduced GFR). Common causes of CKD include diabetes uncontrolled diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to function properly. Hypertension can strain the blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage over time. Glomerulonephritis inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli) can lead to scarring and impaired function. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) a genetic disorder that causes fluid-filled cysts to form in the kidneys, gradually affecting kidney function. Kidney Infections Repeated infections can damage the kidneys and lead to CKD. Certain medications prolonged use of certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can contribute to kidney damage. Other conditions certain autoimmune diseases, kidney stones, urinary tract obstructions, and congenital kidney problems can also lead to CKD. Symptoms of CKD may not appear until the disease has progressed significantly. Common symptoms include fatigue, swelling (edema) in the legs and ankles, frequent urination, foamy or dark urine, high blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, and trouble concentrating. Treatment for CKD focuses on slowing the progression of the disease, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. This can involve lifestyle changes (such as a balanced diet, exercise, and managing blood pressure and blood sugar levels), medications to control blood pressure and protect kidney function, and in advanced cases, kidney dialysis or transplantation. Early detection and management are key in delaying the progression of CKD and reducing the risk of complications. If you suspect you have CKD or are at risk due to other medical conditions, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a medical condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood to form urine. When the kidneys are damaged and cannot perform their function adequately, waste products can build up in the body, leading to various complications. CKD is usually a progressive condition that develops over months to years. It often goes unnoticed in its early stages because symptoms may not be obvious. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms and complications can become more pronounced. Some common causes of Chronic include diabetes uncontrolled diabetes is a leading cause of CKD. High blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys over time. Glomerulonephritis inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli) can lead to kidney damage. Polycystic kidney disease a genetic disorder where cysts form in the kidneys, disrupting their function. Kidney stones repeated kidney stone formation and blockages can contribute to kidney damage. Infections severe or repeated infections affecting the kidneys can lead to scarring and reduced function. The stages of CKD are typically classified based on the Glomerular Filtration Ra t e (GFR), which is a measur e of kidne y. symptoms and complications of CKD can include fatigue and weakness: Due to the buildup of waste products in the body. Fluid retention swelling in the ankles, legs, or face due to fluid buildup. Shortness of breath fluid buildup in the lungs can cause breathing difficulties high blood pressure often a cause and consequence of CKD. Anemia reduced production of red blood cells due to kidney dysfunction. Bone problems weakened bones and increased risk of fractures electrolyte imbalances high levels of potassium, phosphorus, and low levels of calcium can occur.

Cardiovascular Disease CKD

Cardiovascular disease is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Management of CKD involves addressing the underlying causes, controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels, adopting a kidney-friendly diet (low in sodium, phosphorus, and potassium), and making lifestyle changes. In later stages, medical interventions such as dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) or kidney transplantation may be necessary. Early detection and proper management can slow the progression of CKD and improve quality of life. Regular checkups, monitoring kidney function, and following medical advice are crucial for individuals with CKD. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood, regulating electrolyte levels, and producing hormones that help control blood pressure and red blood cell production. CKD can lead to serious health complications if not managed properly. CKD is classified into stages based on the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), which measures how well the kidneys are filtering waste from the blood. The stages are as follows Stage 1: Kidney damage with normal or high eGFR (≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m²). Stage 2: Mild reduction in eGFR (60-89 ml/min/1.73 m²). Stage 3: Moderate reduction in eGFR (30-59 ml/min/1.73 m²), further divided into Stage 3A (45-59 ml/min/1.73 m²) and Stage 3B (30-44 ml/min/1.73 m²). Stage 4: Severe reduction in eGFR (15-29 ml/min/1.73 m²). Stage 5: Kidney failure (eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m²), also known as End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Dialysis or kidney transplantation is necessary at this stage to sustain life. Common causes of CKD include diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney's filtering units), polycystic kidney disease (genetic disorder causing cysts in the kidneys), and certain autoimmune diseases.