Journal of Clinical & Experimental Nephrology

Description

Acute Renal Replacement Therapy (ARRT), also known as Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT), refers to medical interventions used to manage and support patients with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) or other forms of severe kidney dysfunction. The primary goal of ARRT is to assist the kidneys in filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are unable to perform this function adequately on their own. There are several methods of ARRT, including Hemodialysis (HD) this is the most common form of ARRT. It involves the use of a machine that filters the patient's blood through a dialyzer (artificial kidney) to remove waste products and excess fluids. The cleaned blood is then returned to the patient's body. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) CRRT is a slower and more continuous form of therapy compared to hemodialysis. It's often used for hemodynamically unstable patients who cannot tolerate the rapid changes in fluid and electrolyte balance that can occur with traditional hemodialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) in this method, a dialysate solution is introduced into the patient's abdominal cavity, where it absorbs waste products and excess fluids through the peritoneal membrane. The used dialysate is then drained from the body, taking the waste products with it.

Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis (SLED)

Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis (SLED) is a hybrid technique that combines features of both hemodialysis and CRRT. It's often used for patients with AKI who are hemodynamically unstable but require more intensive therapy than CRRT alone can provide. Intermittent Hemodialysis (IHD) this is similar to standard hemodialysis but is conducted less frequently. It may be used for stable patients with AKI who can tolerate intermittent treatments. ARRT is typically prescribed based on the patient's clinical condition, underlying health, and the specific goals of therapy. The choice of method depends on factors such as hemodynamic stability, the degree of kidney dysfunction, and the patient's overall health status. ARRT is performed in a hospital or clinical setting by trained medical professionals, including nephrologists, nurses, and dialysis technicians. It's important to note that ARRT is a supportive measure and does not treat the underlying cause of kidney dysfunction. In many cases, the underlying condition causing AKI needs to be addressed alongside ARRT for optimal patient outcomes.

Acute Renal Replacement Therapy (ARRT) is a medical treatment used to manage and support patients with severe Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) or other forms of kidney dysfunction. AKI refers to a sudden and rapid decline in kidney function, often caused by factors such as dehydration, infection, medication toxicity, or major surgeries. ARRT involves various techniques to replace the essential functions of the kidneys temporarily, allowing the body to maintain electrolyte balance, fluid levels, and waste removal. There are several modalities of ARRT, including Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is a slow and continuous method that closely mimics the natural filtration process of the kidneys. Blood is slowly withdrawn from the patient, passed through a filter to remove waste and excess fluids, and then returned to the patient's bloodstream. CRRT is commonly used in critically ill patients who are hemodynamically unstable and require gentle fluid and electrolyte management. Intermittent Hemodialysis (IHD) is a more traditional form of dialysis, similar to the treatment used in chronic kidney disease patients. It involves removing a larger volume of blood over a shorter period, usually 3 hrs to 4 hrs, and passing it through a dialyzer to remove waste and excess fluids before returning it to the patient. IHD is often used in more stable patients who can tolerate the rapid fluid and electrolyte shifts. Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis (SLED) is a hybrid between CRRT and IHD.

Acute Renal Replacement Therapy (ARRT)

It offers a slower blood flow rate compared to IHD but is performed intermittently over a longer duration, typically 8 hrs to 12 hrs. This method provides a compromise between the benefits of both CRRT and IHD. Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is an ARRT method that involves placing dialysis fluid into the patient's peritoneal cavity. The peritoneum acts as a semipermeable membrane, allowing waste and excess fluids to diffuse from the blood into the dialysis fluid. After a dwell period, the fluid is drained out, taking the waste with it. PD is often used in patients with contraindications to vascular access. ARRT is typically employed in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and critical care settings, where close monitoring and management of fluid and electrolyte balance are essential. The choice of ARRT modality depends on the patient's clinical condition, hemodynamic stability, and the available resources and expertise in the medical facility. It's important to note that ARRT is a supportive therapy aimed at addressing the acute kidney injury's underlying causes and allowing time for the kidneys to recover. In cases where kidney function does not improve, or if there are complications, patients might require longer-term renal replacement therapy options such as chronic hemodialysis or kidney transplantation. Acute Renal Replacement Therapy (ARRT) is a medical intervention used to manage Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) or other severe kidney-related conditions where the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. ARRT serves as a temporary substitute for kidney function, allowing the body to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and remove waste products. There are several types of acute renal replacement therapy, including Hemodialysis (HD) involves passing the patient's blood through a dialysis machine that filters waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood. This process usually takes several hours and is often performed multiple times a week. Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) uses the patient's own peritoneal membrane, which lines the abdominal cavity, as a filter. Dialysis fluid is introduced into the abdominal cavity, and waste products and excess fluids pass from the blood vessels in the peritoneal membrane into the dialysis fluid. The fluid is then drained, carrying away the waste. This form of dialysis can be performed at home. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is a slower and more continuous form of dialysis that is typically used for critically ill patients who may not tolerate the rapid changes in fluid and electrolytes associated with traditional hemodialysis.