Journal of Clinical & Experimental Nephrology

Renal Insufficiency Among the Maternal Complications of Arterial Hypertension During Pregnancy at Kankan Regional Hospital

Introduction: Pregnancy-induced arterial hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmhg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg) appearing after the 20^th week of amenorrhoea. The occurrence of disorders that can strongly engage the vital prognosis of the mother and/or the foetus or the newborn when associated with certain pathologies such as the case of diabetes, arterial hypertension. In this study, we evaluate the role of renal failure among the maternal complications of gestational arterial hypertension, in order to reduce the rate of renal aggression during pregnancy.

Material and methods: This was a prospective descriptive study carried out in the regional hospital of Kankan. The study was carried out on all pregnant women, parturients or women following childbirth with a resting blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, who agreed to answer our questions without distinction of age or origin, whatever the clinical picture. Data were collected on individual survey forms. The study variables were quantitative and qualitative. Data entry and analysis were carried out using software (Word, Excel) and Epi Info version (7.1.0) 2014. Our results were presented in the form of text and tables.

Results: Out of a total of 1500 patients seen during the study period, we recorded 70 hypertensive pregnant women, a frequency of 4.66%. The mean age of the patients was 24 years, with extremes of 15 and 44 years and a standard deviation of 7 years. Systolic blood pressure was 160 mmHg in 46 cases, or 65.71% and diastolic blood pressure was >110 mmHg in 45 cases, or 64.29%. The most frequent complications of arterial hypertension during pregnancy were classified according to high proportions, with acute renal failure in 4th place in 6 cases, a frequency of 8.57%.

Conclusion: Arterial hypertension is a condition that should not be underestimated. The frequency of hospital admissions varies according to the study. In our study, the frequency was 4.66%, with young patients being the most represented and maternal complications were dominated by eclampsia in 34 cases (48.57%), with acute renal failure in 4^th place in 6 cases (8.57%). A study on a larger population of pregnant women could help identify hypertension during pregnancy, in order to reduce the impact of hypertension and complications in pregnant women.

Author(s): Mohamed Lamine Tegui Camara

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